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The Impact of Accounting Basis and Applied Financial Reporting Framework on the Corruption Perception Index in the Public Sector
Amra Gadžo, Anida Jagodić, and Faruk Mešković
DOI: 10.15604/ejbm.2024.12.0304.001
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of different accounting bases and financial reporting frameworks on the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) in the public sector. Specifically, it examines how various accounting approaches (cash, modified cash, accrual, and modified accrual) and reporting frameworks (national accounting standards, International Public Sector Accounting Standards-IPSAS with or without modifications, and other frameworks) influence the perception of corruption in public institutions. The study uses a sample of 147 countries, with the CPI as the dependent variable and accounting basis and financial reporting framework as independent variables. The results of the ANOVA analysis reveal a statistically significant difference in corruption perception indices among countries employing different accounting bases. The results of this study indicate that countries applying simpler accounting frameworks, such as national standards and IPSAS modified for the local context, show a lower perception of corruption, as evidenced by a higher CPI value. In contrast, more complex frameworks, including IPSAS or national standards referencing IPSAS, combined with cash and partial accrual bases, do not significantly reduce corruption perception. Additionally, countries using national standards based on IFRS exhibit the lowest levels of perceived corruption in the public sector.
Keywords: Accounting Basis, Financial Reporting Framework, Corruption Perceptions Index, Public Sector
The Influence of Online Reviews on Consumer Behavior in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Nehal M. Rashad, Mawaddah Abdulaziz Balilah, Nassreen MohamedFuad AlFaha, Roa Fawzi Qubouri, and Mohammad Khalid
DOI: 10.15604/ejbm.2024.12.0304.002
Abstract
This research investigates the influence of online reviews on consumer behavior in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using a mixed-methods approach to fill a notable gap in the literature concerning e-WOM (electronic word-of-mouth) in this region. The study is motivated by the need to understand how online reviews, a critical aspect of digital consumer engagement, impact purchasing decisions within a culturally specific context. Through a structured survey of 199 consumers and six indepth interviews, the research explores the role of trust, credibility, and product-specific factors in shaping consumer behavior. Quantitative data analysis using correlation and regression techniques, reveals that online reviews significantly influence product perception and buying decisions, highlighting the importance of reviewing authenticity and the characteristics of reviewers. The Qualitative insights derived from thematic analysis further elaborate on consumer trust dynamics, emphasizing factors such as review recency, the reputation of the reviewer, and cultural nuances in interpreting reviews. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering detailed insights into consumer behavior in Jeddah, aligning with broader theoretical models on trust and social proof. The findings provide practical recommendations for enhancing online review systems to improve consumer confidence and decision-making in the Saudi Arabian market.
Keywords: Online reviews, Consumer behavior, Product perception, Trust formation, Consumer
decision-making, E-commerce, Mix- methods
Investment Decision Factors of Business Angels in Japanese Regional Startups: the Influence of Growth Strategies and Social Capital on Investment Behavior
Toshifumi Shimizu and Toshihiko Ishihara
DOI: 10.15604/ejbm.2024.12.0304.003
Abstract
This study aims to address the funding disparities faced by regional startups in Japan by conducting a multifaceted analysis of business angel investment behavior. The focus is on examining how growth strategies and social capital influence BA investment decisions, while highlighting the differences in the fundraising environment between Tokyo and regional areas. Initially, a topic model analysis was conducted on company data collected from press releases and startup databases, revealing distinct investment themes by region. In Tokyo, investments are predominantly directed towards AI and platform-based ventures, whereas regional areas demonstrate a strong focus on sectors like agriculture and healthcare. Furthermore, a sequential pattern analysis was employed to examine the impact of different investor combinations on fundraising outcomes, uncovering unique investment patterns in regional areas that support local growth. This research offers new insights into how region-specific investment behaviors and networks can contribute to bridging the equity gap. The findings provide practical implications for fostering regional economic revitalization by leveraging localized investment strategies and social capital.
Keywords: : Business Angels, Regional Startups, Growth Strategies, Social Capital, Regional
Equity Gap
Coup D’état and Industry Dynamics: the Case of Anglo Iranian Oil Company 1901-1979
Neveen Abdelrehim
DOI: 10.15604/ejbm.2024.12.0304.004
Abstract
This paper explores the critical role of the oil industry in shaping British imperial ambitions in the Middle East during the 20th century, focusing on Iran and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC). Following the Great War, oil became essential to the global economy, and Britain, with limited domestic reserves, sought control over foreign oil sources, particularly in the Middle East. The 1901 D’Arcy concession granted Britain significant control over Iran’s oil, which became central to its geopolitical strategy. By 1951, Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh’s nationalization of AIOC marked a pivotal moment, as it asserted Iran’s sovereignty and sought to reduce foreign exploitation. However, this moves directly challenged British economic interests, sparking the Iranian oil nationalization crisis. Britain responded with diplomatic and economic measures, culminating in the 1953 CIA and MI6-backed coup that overthrew Mossadegh and reinstated the Shah, maintaining Western access to Iranian oil. The paper examines how Britain’s control over Iranian oil, backed by the AIOC, became a tool for exerting influence in the region, particularly during World War II and the Cold War. The nationalization of AIOC and the subsequent coup illustrate the tension between national sovereignty and foreign corporate interests. The study highlights the long-term consequences of this intervention, which undermined Iran’s democratic movements and reinforced autocratic rule under the Shah. The 1953 coup is a key example of how economic and strategic imperatives can drive foreign intervention, leading to enduring instability and shaping the trajectory of Iran’s political and economic development in the years that followed.
Keywords: Oil Industry, Anglo Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), Coup D’etat
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