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Some Considerations on “Black Swan Theory”, COVID-19 and Involved Heuristics †
Vincenzo Costa and Antonio Raviele
DOI: 10.15604/ejss.2023.11.02.001
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the widespread claim – in scientific literature and mass-media – that COVID-19 constitutes an example of a “Black Swan”. This is an important feature in order to classify some rare events. Given the high speed of dissemination of information via mass-media and the Internet, with the possible consequences on the financial markets, it is relevant to ask whether this attribution is right or not. Thanks to more precise use of the different color definitions introduced by the famous researcher and our more explicit description of the relative properties, we show instead that the correct shade to be attributed to the Swan for this pandemic is gray. Besides, we also explain misclassification as the effect of some behavioral heuristics.
Keywords: Black Swan Theory, COVID-19, Economic/Financial Crisis, Rare and Unpredictable Events, Behavioral Finance, Heuristics
Psychological Challenges of Distant Parenting on Mothers: Scoping Review
Katlego Magdeline Rantho, Frans Koketso Matlakala, and Witness Maluleke
DOI: 10.15604/ejss.2023.11.02.002
Abstract
The involvement of parents in the life of children is of paramount importance. Parent’s responsibility of ensuring the wellbeing of children should be taken into cognisance. Of late, some parents find themselves parenting from distance as they leave in pursue of employment. As a result, these parents experienced different challenges. The problem is that most researchers tend to focus on challenges experienced by children and leave out those experienced by parents. Hence, this paper aims to describe the psychological challenges of distant parenting on mothers. In doing so, the researchers used scoping review. The documents, which were used in the study, were purposively sampled from ScienceDirect. From the literature, the researchers found that parents experienced stress and guilt as a result of leaving their children behind. Some of the parents’ experienced loss of connection with their children due to the distance and were stigmatized in the community/societies. It can be concluded that long-distance parenting remains high with a severe implication in the lives of parents. The researchers recommend a phenomenological study on lived experiences of fathers providing care to their distant children.
Keywords: Stress, Emotional Disconnection, Scoping Review, Mothers, Psychological Challenges
The Flourishing Economic and Political Relations of Turkey & Azerbaijan: An Overview after 30th Diplomatic Anniversary
Farrukh Nawaz Kayani
DOI: 10.15604/ejss.2023.11.02.003
Abstract
Turkey was the first country to recognize the Azerbaijan’s independence from Soviet Union on 9th of November, 1991. Turkey-Azerbaijan bilateral relations are rooted in their historic cultural analogy and geopolitical features which have always fostered the mutual support for industrial, economic, and technological development. Turkey’s foreign policy has evolved with the changing dynamics of international relations for promoting cordial bilateral ties with Azerbaijan. Bilateral trade between these countries has provided a solid foundation for reciprocity and preliminaries for maintaining the balance. The primary catalyst of the trade growth trajectory in Azerbaijan has been the earning from energy resources but the role of Azerbaijan’s FDI inflows in Turkey has also been a strategic calculus in its flourishing trade. To date, the ties between Turkey and Azerbaijan have remained cordial, however, according to economists and international relations professionals, the relationship has undergone qualitative changes. In this study, an in-depth analysis of the bilateral relations between Turkey and Azerbaijan has been conducted to identify the trajectory of evolution, success indicators, and the associated challenges.
Keywords: Turkey, Azerbaijan, Soviet Union, Bilateral Trade, Military Relations
Quality Expectation Factors Influencing E-customer Satisfaction: Evidence from Online Shopping in South Africa
Tariro Shumba and Danie Ferreira
DOI: 10.15604/ejss.2023.11.02.004
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic brought about an increased need for online shopping, and a steady increase in online shopping was recorded. However, only about 1.4% of online traffic eventually buys online, which leads to a need to gain knowledge of the factors which drive online shopping customer satisfaction and purchasing intention. It is imperative to consider consumer quality expectations when evaluating e-consumer satisfaction. The aim of this study establishes which quality expectation variables influence e-customer satisfaction in South Africa. The study models three quality expectation variables and e-customer satisfaction. The study uses non-probability samples of 237 respondents. A quantitative approach is used in which structured data is gathered and quantitatively analyzed. The measuring instrument used is an online survey. The items in the questionnaire are validated by conducting Exploratory Factor Analysis and subsequently Cronbach’s alpha values are calculated for each of the valid constructs to confirm inter-item reliability. Multiple Regression tests are used to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The results indicate that of the three quality expectation factors, only shopping experience expectations have a significant influence on e-customer satisfaction. Service convenience expectations and product offerings expectations are recording insignificant associations with e-customer satisfaction. The study is therefore identifying the need for online shops to augment e-customer satisfaction through exceeding customers’ quality shopping experience expectations.
Keywords: Online Shopping, Quality Expectation, E-Customer Satisfaction, Businesses, Consumer Behavior
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