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Globalization versus Securitization: Borders and Migration – A Case Study of Hungarian Policy towards Migration 2015-2019
Zeinab A. Ahmed
DOI: 10.15604/ejss.2020.08.01.001
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the issue of migration from two different perspectives. The first one is the globalization perspective, which calls for the removal of borders in front of the movement of money, business and people and believes that the presence of any restrictions on the movement of people, especially immigrants from the scourge and tragedies of wars, are incompatible with the principles and values called for by the liberals. The second one is the securitization perspective, which transforms the issue of migration from being a social and humanitarian issue into a security issue. This tendency is enhanced through the discourse and rhetoric of the securitizing actor or group of actors who portray it as an immediate security danger, which threatens both the society and the state. In this regard, the paper examines briefly the European policies towards migration issue, especially since 2015. Through focusing on Hungarian policies towards migration issue as a case study, the main contribution of this paper is to examine to what extent this case reflects one of two perspectives; globalization or securitization in dealing with this important global issue. Accordingly, the paper’s methodology is based on using the case study as the unit of analysis and utilizing discourse analysis and explanatory approach. Through analyzing the Hungarian leaders’ discourse and policies on the migration issue, the paper concluded that the Hungarian policies regarding migration have precisely reflected an honest application of the securitization theory and have been very far from the principles of liberalism and globalization.
Keywords: Migration, Asylum Seekers, Hungary, European Agenda on Migration, Globalization, Securitization, Syrian Refugees
Performance and Efficiency – Criteria for Promotion and Career Development for Public Employees
Andreea Elena Matic and Stefania Cristina Mirica
DOI: 10.15604/ejss.2020.08.01.002
Abstract
In this paper, we aim to analyze to which extent, in the Romanian public administration system, the professional performance, the efficiency, promotion and career development of the public employees are encouraged and properly evaluated. We consider that these elements have an important contribution to the achieving of public institutions’ and authorities’ missions and objectives, to increase the quality of the public services and upgrade both the living standards of the communities and the level of satisfaction of the beneficiaries. In order to obtain a stronger vision, we will also analyze the main deficiencies and critics of the promotion procedure and the system of evaluation as well as the methods of improvement. Human resources management and the management of public function have adopted and are oriented, as well as the states’ legislations, towards the new criteria for recruitment, promotion and career development of public employees according to professional merits, individual and group work, engagement in work, their ability to solve problems, etc. The promotion, as well as and the democratic and fair exercise of the public employees right to a career are essential elements of successful reforms in administration, the gaining and preservation of citizens’ confidence in public institutions and authorities. Therefore, in any democratic society, the recruitment, promotion and evaluation of public employees must be carried out objectively and transparently, taking exclusively into account the professional training, the skills and the personal merits. For example, the promotion of public employees is conditioned, in the Romanian legislation (which respect the provisions of the European Union norms), of obtaining the “very good” rating at the annual evaluation for the last two years. This condition, as well as the entire recruitment, promotion and evaluation procedures, are stipulated by the Romanian legislation.
Keywords: Public Sector Employees, Public Function Management, Human Resources Management, Promotion, Performance, Career Development
A Study on the Role and Importance of Cluster Policies in Improving International Marketing Performance of SMEs
I. Kahraman Arslan
DOI: 10.15604/ejss.2020.08.01.003
Abstract
This study examined the benefits of the cluster approach in foreign trade and whether the effect of export performance of SME’s has tried to put forward through the cluster approach Kuyumcukent formed in Istanbul, Turkey. As a result of the research, it is determined that Kuyumcukent cluster increases competitive power and export performance of SMEs; however, this case is not caused by only cluster but is related with the company’s own performance. Aim of the study was to determine what sort of opportunities Kuyumcukent cluster provides to exporting SMEs and how it affects their export performance and to reveal the requirements and expectations of the firms. For the sample of the study, exporter firms in Kuyumcukent have been selected. In the direction of the information received from Istanbul Jewelry Exporters’ Association, 90 jewelry firms engaged in exporting in Kuyumcukent have been determined to be interviewed. With the intention of Kuyumcukent cluster turning into a mature cluster and improving export performance of all businesses; various suggestions have been made such as ensuring information flow by developing the relations based on trust in the cluster, encouraging firms for shared R&D and innovation, solving capital and financing problems and cluster management organizing the international fair organizations. In this study, the advantages of cluster approach in foreign trade have been examined and it is aimed to reveal whether SMEs have effect on export performance through Kuyumcukent cluster approach that has been formed in Istanbul, Turkey.
Keywords: Cluster, Export Performance, Competitive Power
Analyzing Business Model, Narrative and Numbers of GSK (Glaxosmithkline)
Ketevan Rizhamadze
DOI: 10.15604/ejss.2020.08.01.004
Abstract
Global pharmaceutical companies face several challenges, most notably generic competition, patent expiration, regulatory issues and pressure from patients for delivering added value. This paper shall study the case of one of the leading global pharmaceutical companies, GSK (GlaxoSmithKline). New strategic priorities, including research and development (R&D) strategy set by the company shall be analyzed. The main research methodology used in the paper is quantitative. Research was conducted through content and case analysis, procedure created from materials collected via secondary research sources. The aim of the paper is to identify the key stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry and to what extent their actions affect the firms’ sustainable financial performance, correspondingly, to explore the new strategic priorities of GSK. The paper shall start with the review of pharmaceutical business, followed by the brief information about GSK. The business model and R&D activities shall be scrutinized. Policy implications and conclusions shall be provided. As the analysis reveal, in an ambiguous business environment, simplifying business model and diversifying activities empowers employees and facilitates decision-making process. For a global actor, it is essential to have a diversified range of portfolio and to evade reliance on a sole blockbuster. Remarkably, for the purpose of long-term sustainability and revenue generation, investing more in R&D is pivotal. In addition, focusing on specific scientific areas could be advantageous. Moreover, profound partnership with scientific institutions, business partners and academia could be beneficial for pharmaceutical companies.
Keywords: GSK (GlaxoSmithKline), Pharmaceutical Industry, Business Model, Financial Performance, Strategy
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